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français vers anglais: La variation sociale en français
Texte source - français Chapitre II
ENTRE ORAL ET ÉCRIT
Pour étudier le français tel qu’il se parle, les données ont à être constituées à partir d’enquêtes ou d’observations de situations réelles, et à être transcrites quand elles sont orales. A la différence de la plupart des champs des sciences du langage qui travaillent sur des textes oraux ou écrits déjà constitués, ou en s’appuyant sur l’intuition d’un locuteur, la sociolinguistique n’est ainsi comparable qu’à l’analyse de discours, l’analyse de conversation, ou l’étude de l’acquisition (interlangue d’apprenants). Nous commencerons donc par nous arrêter aux enjeux des méthodes, ce qui nous conduira à confronter oral et écrit, dont la relation n’a pas été beaucoup problématisée par les sociolinguistes, sans doute parce que pour beaucoup d’entre eux, c’est l’oral qui constitue l’objet par excellence.
1. Observer et transcrire l’oral
Parmi les données orales, les énoncés vernaculaires s’avèrent les plus délicats à recueillir. La collecte des données soulève des questions pratiques aux retombées théoriques, indissociables d’options épistémologiques et éthiques.
Traduction - anglais Chapter II
SPEECH TO WRITING
In order to study French as it is spoken, the data has to be constructed from studies or the observation of naturally-occurring speech events, and transcribed in the case of oral communication. Unlike most fields in linguistics, which examine oral or written texts that have already been produced, or use a speaker’s intuition, sociolinguistics is comparable only to discourse analysis, conversation analysis or the study of language acquisition (the interlanguage of learners). We will therefore begin by turning our attention to the issue of differences in methodology, which will lead us to compare speech and writing, whose relation has not been greatly discussed by sociolinguists, doubtless because for many, speech is the most important subject for analysis.
1. Observing and transcribing speech
Vernacular speech is the most difficult of all types of oral data to collect. The data-collection process raises practical questions with theoretical repercussions which are indissociable from choices related to ethics and epistemology.
Drawing on extensive study of the French language both in the UK and in France, I offer high quality translation and proofreading services, from a wide variety of file formats.
I have worked as a translator for La Ville de Fécamp, in Normandy, France, for the Royal Bank of Scotland and freelance. I specialise in Linguistics (particularly sociolinguistics and phonetics), and have a keen interest in other subjects such as IT and website design. I have translation experience in such varied fields as construction, banking, housing policy and poetry.
I am trained in the use of the major CAT tools, like Trados (TWB, Multiterm, Tageditor), SDLX, STAR (Transit and Termstar), Wordfast and Passolo.
